In Hong Kong, the two most common choices for taking graded piano are ABRSM and Trinity (Trinity College London). Both are widely recognised locally, close in standard and standing, yet each has its own character in exam structure, compulsory components and entry requirements. Some parents hear that “Trinity is more flexible” or “ABRSM is more traditional,” without being clear on where the real differences lie. From a neutral standpoint, this article compares the two boards on repertoire, supporting tests (sight reading / aural / improvisation, etc.) and the theory prerequisite, to help parents choose by their child's temperament and goals — there is no “better,” only “better suited.”
What's the Same: Close in Standard and Standing
Both boards run a ladder from Initial to Grade 8, close in standard, and both are widely recognised in Hong Kong and abroad. Which one you choose will not decide whether a child “learns well”; what truly matters is whether the learning is solid and the understanding sound. So rather than agonising over “which brand is better,” it helps to first understand the actual differences.
Differences in Exam Structure
ABRSM: the exam generally includes pieces, scales and arpeggios, sight reading and an aural test. Sight reading and aural are compulsory at every grade, and the emphasis leans towards the classical tradition.
Trinity: the exam includes pieces, technical work, plus “supporting tests.” For Initial to Grade 5, candidates choose two from four options — sight reading, aural, improvisation and musical knowledge; for Grades 6–8, sight reading is compulsory, with a choice of aural or improvisation for the second. Improvisation is a distinctive Trinity option that ABRSM does not offer.
The Theory Prerequisite (A Key Difference)
This is one of the most practical differences. ABRSM: before entering a Grade 6–8 Practical or Performance exam, you must first hold Grade 5 theory (or the equivalent Practical Musicianship / Jazz Practical Grade). Trinity: currently sets no theory exam as an entry requirement, with no theory prerequisite at any grade.
In other words, if a child is more resistant to written theory, Trinity's entry bar is comparatively lower. Note, though, that theory still has real value for understanding music — it is not “optional”; a lower bar does not mean understanding can be skipped. To explore the relationship between theory and playing further, you are welcome to book a one-to-one piano consultation.
How to Choose? By Your Child's Temperament and Goals
There's no standard answer. If a child enjoys solid classical training and is willing to take on theory, ABRSM's system is very complete; if a child enjoys varied styles, is interested in improvisation, or would like more flexible supporting-test options, Trinity may suit better. A student can also adjust at different stages as needed.
The point is to assess your child's temperament, interests and goals with the teacher, and pick a path that matches the child — rather than following a trend or someone else's choice.
Further Reading
The Grade 5 Theory Prerequisite: The Gate to Clear Before ABRSM Grades 6–8
The Complete ABRSM Grade 8 Piano Guide: New Syllabus Explained
On the Difference Between Piano Exams and Piano Performance Competitions
Frequently Asked Questions
Ms. Kannaz Kwok
30+ years of piano teaching experience. Holder of internationally recognised qualifications from the Royal Academy of Music and Trinity Laban Conservatoire.